Lenin And Stalin Ideology Essays - Marxist Theorists, Old Bolsheviks

Lenin And Stalin Ideology Compare and contrast the ideologies and the political and economic practice of Lenin and Stalin. Every state is based upon and driven by some ideology. Imperial Russia was based upon autocratic absolutism for over 400 years. Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917, a new era dawned upon Russia. For the next 36 years she would be in the hands of two men that would attempt to apply a new, vastly different creed in ruling and transforming this country. Vladimir Ilich Lenin, as the leader of the Bolshevik party, ruled Russia from October 1917 till his death in January 1924. He was succeeded by Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, who also ruled until his death in March 1953. Both men claimed to ascribe to the broad ideology of Socialism and Marxism; both were to develop their own versions later to be called Leninism and Stalinism; both were to attempt to practically apply their respective ideologies whilst attempting to deal with a plethora of prevailing conditions such as internal resistance and civil war, economic collapse and foreign invasion. This paper will examine the simil arities and differences between both the ideologies, and the actual economic and political practice, of Lenin and Stalins beliefs. A significant historiographical issue to be aware of in the comparison of Lenin and Stalin is that between the two, Lenin was by far the greater political theorist and ideologue and yet had much less effective time, 6 years, to put his ideas into practice . Stalin on the other hand, was much more a man of action who produced comparatively far less written material, but who exercised his power for almost 30 years. Also Lenin had the unique opportunity to oversee the installation of a new order from scratch whereas Stalin came to power with the foundations of the new state already laid and therefore had the responsibility of continuing the work already begun. As such any comparison then, will be somewhat uneven as we will compare not only actions to actions, but in Stalins case, his actions to Lenins theory as well as to speculation, as to what Lenin may have done in practice, if he had lived longer. The main aspects of Lenins ideology were outlined in a number of written works, the most important of these were: What Is To Be Done (1902) and The State and Revolution (1917). In What Is To Be Done? Lenin presented the idea that although the Russian peasantry was a potential revolutionary force, it was not capable of developing a revolutionary consciousness of its own. Marx had regarded revolutionary class consciousness to be the natural and spontaneous product of the life experience of the working class . Lenin, by contrast, concluded that class political consciousness can be brought only from the outside. Without the assistance of the revolutionary intelligentsia, he argued, the working class could only develop a trade-union consciousness . Lenins solution was a revolutionary vanguard party that would come not from the peasantry or proletariat, but from the bourgeoisie and be composed of mainly middle class intellectuals. (Strangely enough he seemed to fit this criteria quite snuggly!) This party, he postulated, would have to be a small, closely knit, highly centralized, highly disciplined, conspiratorial and quasi-military organization of professional revolutionaries. It would have to be a fighting organization composed of men totally dedicated to the destruction of the old and the establishment of a new social order . Lenin said, Give us an organization of revolutionaries, and we will turn Russia upside down! Also amongst the core principles of Lenins vanguard party would be the use of violence as an instrument of policy. Lenin stipulated the need for smashing and destroying the bourgeois state and was not shy in saying in reference to class enemies (a term applied to priests, Imperial Army officers, large and small businessmen, landowners and anyone else who opposed his brand of socialism), that one has to beat their heads in without mercy. In this respect especially, as will be shown, Stalin was to be in complete concordance with Lenin. The aspect of Lenins ideology, from which Stalin was to later most significantly differ and diverge from, was that regarding international socialist revolution. In

Academic Research Essay Sample - Find Out How to Choose an Academic Research Essay Sample

Academic Research Essay Sample - Find Out How to Choose an Academic Research Essay SampleIf you want to write an academic research essay, a simple solution to get started is to opt for an essay sample that can be used by most writers. Just follow the guidelines below and you will surely be able to become a master in this area.Make sure that your essay has a thesis statement, an introduction, a conclusion and an outline. Once you have mastered these, the rest is just a matter of matching the ingredients together and creating the best essay possible.When it comes to academic research essay, there are two different methods of writing. One is the objective style and the other is the descriptive style. Both are also known as the formal and informal styles.In the objective style, the main point of the essay is to present and analyze the topic with an eye towards finding the truth. Your information and facts should stand out clearly from your sources. You should not try to hide anything fro m the reader. This is considered the most effective approach and is the one that will give you the best results.On the other hand, the descriptive style is known for presenting information that the reader can identify with. It is more subjective and relies on the style, tone and style of the writer. As a result, it may not always get the best results.So how do you find the best academic research essay sample? Actually, you will need to take a look at a variety of samples. It is only by seeing a wide variety of examples that you will be able to identify the ones that are the best and be able to pick the best one. Of course, when you are in a rush to get started, you will not have the time to go through and evaluate as many as you can.The best way to choose a research essay sample is to take a look at as many as you can, as you will want to match them up and find the one that is most appropriate for your needs. After all, you will only have a limited amount of time to read through eac h one. You should know that you will also be able to compare the essays before you make a final decision.The good news is that if you take a look at as many samples as you can, you will get a good idea of what styles are best suited for writing an academic research essay. You will then know what approach to take and you will be better prepared to get started with your own essay. Once you have your essay ready, you will be able to easily integrate it into your paper.

Free Essays on Depression

Depression Depression is defined in many ways. One definition is â€Å"an emotional state of dejection and sadness, ranging from mild discouragement and downheartedness to feelings of utter hopelessness and despair.† Another definition is â€Å"exaggerated sadness coupled with pessimism†¦which the person thinks will persist indefinitely regardless of what they do about it† (Irwin, p8). Either way, depression is an illness that involves the mind and body. It can affect psychological things, such as the way someone feels about themselves, and biological things, such as eating and sleeping. There are many different types of depression with many different symptoms. Depression also affects many types of people. This disorder can be treated, but it is the person’s responsibility to get help (NIMH, p1). Depression ranges from mild to severe types. A mild type of depression can simply be a â€Å"blue mood† or even just a bad day. Some psychiatrists say that it is normal to feel down when you’re overly tired or stressed. These sieges of â€Å"the blues† generally subside quickly but can also escalate to moderate depression (Irwin, p10). Moderate depression can also be called neurotic depression. This type of depression has the same symptoms as mild depression but is felt more intensely. It can even interfere with a person’s job or home life. This type of depression is almost always a reaction to a loss or an upsetting event. The depression is only considered neurotic when the sense of loss is disproportionate to the event that caused it (Irwin, p12). When the degree and duration of depression become really severe, there are changes in the behavior that can definitely be seen. There is less and less interest in the outside world. A person that has this type of depression, known as psychotic depression, may be incapable of functioning adequately. A person who is at this point may also feel thoughts of death and suicid... Free Essays on Depression Free Essays on Depression Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the "challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness. It is different then normal sadness or grief from the loss of a loved one because it is persistent and severe. Clinical depression has many related symptoms trouble sleeping, eating disorders, withdrawal and inactivity, self-punishment, and loss of pleasure. People that are depressed do not like to do things they may usually like to. Surveys that have been taken that show approximately 20 in 100 people suffer from depression at any one time. About one if four Americans will suffer from a depression over the course of their lifetime. Depression strikes men and women of all ages, in all races, but most studies indicate that women are more often afflicted. There are two major forms of depression that people get. One form is called depressive disorder. It is diagnosed only by episodes of depression. Episodes can be short or long but are usually brought about by an incident in a persons life. An example of this is if someone close to them dies. The other kind is called bipolar or manic depressive illness, it is recognized by alternating depressed and manic episodes. This is an actual brain dysfunction. In the major depression or the depressed phase of bipolar illness, a depressed mood predominates, even though the patient may not be aware of feeling sad. Typically, he or she loses all interest in activities. Symptoms include sleep disturbances, not able to concentrate or to make decisions, loss of appetite or greatly increased appetite, slowed thinking and decreased energy feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness, diminished sexual interest, and recurrent thoughts of suicide and death, sometimes leading a person to actually committ ing suicide. In the manic phase of bipolar disorder the patients behavior is bizarre and sometimes obnoxious. Symptoms of this are the person being hyper and have lots of ener... Free Essays on Depression Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders Depression The topic of depression is of special interest to me for a number of reasons. Depression is very common in today’s society and is a very fascinating psychological condition. Also many some of my friends and family members show signs of depression. After reading the textbook and doing some online research, I have come to conclude that my brother has a form of depression called Dysthmia. I have concluded this due to the appearance of some of the symptoms that I have observed in my brother. My brother has a mild form of depression and has feelings of hopelessness and fatigue. The cause of his condition is still unknown to me. But I have formed hypotheses that could explain the cause of the condition. It is known that most of depression has deep genetic roots. The notion of being genetically disposed to being depressed is known. (1). Doing a little bit of research I found out that none of my parents or grandparents were depressed neither am I or any of my other siblings. So the ge netic factor being at play in the cause has to be ruled out. The other factor that I suspect as being a factor in the prevalence of the condition is the fact that my brother has experienced a lot of learned helpless. Learned help nesses is when a person experiences failure after failure at a certain task that eventually he gives up trying. Learned helpnesses has been researched and has been associated with depression (2). I believe that my brother acquired the learned helpnesses when my parents indirectly forced my brother to attend Wayne State University and do the pre-medical curriculum. My parents are determined that we all grow up to be professionals in the medical field and make them proud. My brother had a hard time making the transition from High School to a large scale university and didn’t do as good as he should of. This led my brother to feel hopeless and eventually after all the failures he just stoppe... Free Essays on Depression What is depression? Being clinically depressed is very different from the down type of feeling that all people experience from time to time. Occasional feelings of sadness are a normal part of life, and it is unfortunate that such feelings are often colloquially referred to as "depression." In clinical depression, such feelings are out of proportion to any external causes. There are things in everyone's life that are possible causes of sadness, but people who are not depressed manage to cope with these things without becoming incapacitated. As one might expect, depression can present itself as feeling sad or "having the blues". However, sadness may not always be the dominant feeling of a depressed person. Depression can also be experienced as a numb or empty feeling or perhaps no awareness of feeling at all. A depressed person may experience a noticeable loss in their ability to feel pleasure about anything. Depression, as viewed by psychiatrists, is an illness in which a person experiences a marked change in their mood and in the way they view themselves and the world. Depression as a significant depressive disorder ranges from short in duration and mild to long term and very severe, even life threatening. Depressive disorders come in different forms, just as do other illnesses such as heart disease. The three most prevalent forms are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. What is major depression? Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms (see symptom list below) that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, eat; and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. These disabling episodes of depression can occur once, twice, or several times in a lifetime. What is dysthymia? A less severe type of depression, dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that do not disable, but keep you from functioning at "full steam" or from feeling good. Sometimes people with dysthymia also experience major dep... Free Essays on Depression Overview of Mental Disorders in Children A consideration of developmental principles enhances understanding of mental illness in children and adolescents by reconciling the concept of mental disorder as a stable state or condition with the ongoing development of the child. According to these principles, a mental disorder results from the interaction of a child and his or her environment. Thus, mental illness often does not lie within the child alone. Within the conceptual framework and language of integrative neuroscience, the mental disorder is anâ€Å"emergent property† of the transaction with the environment. Proper assessment of a child’s mood, thought, and behaviors demands a simultaneous consideration of nature and nurture, genes and environment, and biology and psychosocial influences. These relationships are reciprocal. The brain shapes behavior, and learning shapes the brain. Mental disorders must be considered within the context of the family and peers, school, home, and community. Taking the social-cultural environment into consideration is essential to understanding mental disorders in children and adolescents, as it is in adults. However, the changing nature of these environments, coupled with the progressively unfolding processes of brain development, makes the emphasis on context, as well as development, more complex and more central in child mental health (Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997). Thus, developmental psychopathology encourages consideration of the transactions between the individual and the social and physical environment at the same time that signs and symptoms of mental disorder are considered. Moreover, focusing on diagnostic labels alone provides too limited a view of mental disorders in children and adolescents. General Categories of Mental Disorders of Children Mental disorders with onset in childhood and adolescence are listed in Table 3-2 as they appear in DSM-IV. These disorders fall into a number o... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the "challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse... Free Essays on Depression Depression is a mental illness in which a person experiences deep, unshakable sadness and diminished interest in nearly all activities. Depression usually begins during a person’s 20's or 30's. The illness may come on slowly, then deepen gradually over months or years. On the other hand, it may erupt suddenly in a few weeks or days. There are 3 types of depression; major depression, Bipolar depression, and seasonal affective disorder. Many of them come from anxiety or a situation which caused the person to become extremely depressed. Seasonal affective disorder is felt only during autumn and winter, when there are few hours of daylight. Many things can cause depression. Sometimes it is caused from a high amount of stress and conflicts in a person’s life. Some depressions seem to come suddenly, even when things are going well. Most psychologists believe depression results from an interaction between stressful life events and a person’s biological and psychologic al vulnerabilities. Genes may also influence depression by causing abnormal activity in the brain. Neurotransmitters in the brain play an important role in regulating moods and emotions. Neurotransmitters involved in depression include norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. It is suggested that depression results from lower than normal levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance of hormones may also play a role in depression. The only risk factor for depression is that if a person feels that they are hopeless, worthless, and are full of despair, the may think of or commit suicide. This issue usually takes place in a person’s conscience and it is an emotional issue that the person deals with. This disorder often affects them socially and physically. Depression usually alters a person’s appetite, sometimes increasing it, but usually reducing it. This ma... Free Essays on Depression Treatments for Depression Depression is very common . It is often called â€Å"The common cold of health problems.† At least one in six people experience a depression episode at some point in their life, and about 9.5% of the population and 18.8 million Americans suffer from this illness(Women’s World Source). The National Institute of Mental Health defines depression as â€Å"an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It effects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. Depression is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away. People with a depression illness cannot merely â€Å"pull themselves together† and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years (Strock).† There are several treatments for depression such as medications, therapies, and of course every person suffering from depression needs some kind of support from family and friends. Before going any further on these treatments some myths about depression need to be made clear. Some people may think that depression is an emotion of sadness, but this is not true. In fact, many depression patients experience numbness or no emotions at all. Also, depression is not an excuse for anything, and it does exclude anyone of responsibility for themselves. Depression is not a weakness, character flaw, or personality trait, and it is not God’s punishment for past sins or bad karma catching up with something the person did in a past life. Someone with depression is not just being lazy, too sensitive, or too immature. Racine 2 The most important thing that everyone should know about depression is that no one ever does anything to deserve it, and no one did anything to cause someone to have it. One treatment for depression is medication. One very common form of medication is selective sero... Free Essays on Depression Depression Depression, it’s something all of us have experienced in some point and time in our lives, whether it was for a day or for years. Most of the people that it affects aren’t even aware of the serious complications depression creates and if they are they don’t admit to themselves they would be clinically diagnosed with depression. It is the second most common health problem; anxiety is the first. Depression is known as the common cold of mental illness. There are many causes for depression. They consist of psychological, genetic, hereditary, or environmental. Psychological depression can be a result of a death of a family member. This is also known as mourning. Serotonin and norepinephrine, a chemical produced in the brain, is not produced in an adequate amount. This is the effect of genetic depression. This causes the feeling of intense sadness. Environmental depression is also known as S.A.D. (Seasonal Affective Disorder). This is caused when a person is sensitive to seasonal changes. Hereditary is the most common causes and it is also tricky. It is passed down from past generations and sometimes the defect skips generations. There are several types of depression. There are manic depression, clinical depression, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and postpartum depression. Manic depression is an extremity of moods, going from sheer happiness to severe depression. Premenstrual syndrome and postpartum depression are found only in women. Premenstrual syndrome is caused by hormone changes prior to menstruation. Many women suffer postpartum depression after giving childbirth. Many people who are severely depressed, don’t want to believe they are suffering. If they are left untreated, it can result in alcohol and/or drug abuse, disturbed relationships, criminal activities, homicide, or possibly suicide. Many parents of depressed children don’t know their children are suffering. The parents believe their children’s actions a... Free Essays on Depression Depression Depression is defined in many ways. One definition is â€Å"an emotional state of dejection and sadness, ranging from mild discouragement and downheartedness to feelings of utter hopelessness and despair.† Another definition is â€Å"exaggerated sadness coupled with pessimism†¦which the person thinks will persist indefinitely regardless of what they do about it† (Irwin, p8). Either way, depression is an illness that involves the mind and body. It can affect psychological things, such as the way someone feels about themselves, and biological things, such as eating and sleeping. There are many different types of depression with many different symptoms. Depression also affects many types of people. This disorder can be treated, but it is the person’s responsibility to get help (NIMH, p1). Depression ranges from mild to severe types. A mild type of depression can simply be a â€Å"blue mood† or even just a bad day. Some psychiatrists say that it is normal to feel down when you’re overly tired or stressed. These sieges of â€Å"the blues† generally subside quickly but can also escalate to moderate depression (Irwin, p10). Moderate depression can also be called neurotic depression. This type of depression has the same symptoms as mild depression but is felt more intensely. It can even interfere with a person’s job or home life. This type of depression is almost always a reaction to a loss or an upsetting event. The depression is only considered neurotic when the sense of loss is disproportionate to the event that caused it (Irwin, p12). When the degree and duration of depression become really severe, there are changes in the behavior that can definitely be seen. There is less and less interest in the outside world. A person that has this type of depression, known as psychotic depression, may be incapable of functioning adequately. A person who is at this point may also feel thoughts of death and suicid...

Analysis of Whodunit- the Media

Movies can pressure children to become more hostile as a person. Maggie Cutler analyzes in her essay, â€Å"Whodunit- The Media? †, how media affects children, demonstrating that children who are involved in violent media are more susceptible to practice it. The Senate Judiciary Committee led by Orrin Hatch explains in Cutler’s essay how television’s accountability is highly important: â€Å"‘Television alone is responsible for 10 percent of youth violence. † According to statistics, there were 250 murders and 12,100 violent crimes, which entailed by mentioning if Batman Beyond never played, these crimes would never have been completed (684). Parents need to discuss the media with their child and explain to them that most of the stories and plots they watch on television are mostly fiction and they are exaggerated for show. Once parents have a talk with their child, the child will be able to understand what they are watching (Cutler 688). Cutler continues, â€Å"The APA adds that parental guidance along with reducing kids’ exposure to graphic violence can help keep them out of the correctional system (687). The reason kids tend to become aggressive while they are exposed to influential media is because they mix up the difference between reality and fantasy. In time, children will find out the difference between both. Cutler states, â€Å"Kids understand early that cartoon violence is a joke, not a model. Even wrestling, once kids figure out that it’s staged, gets processed differently from, say, a schoolyard beating† (689). It is vital to not allow children to become violent because the more they are exposed to negatively powerful content, the more likely they are to keep practicing those actions. Cutler explained, â€Å"Several studies have shown that violent boys tend to watch more TV, choose more violent content, and get more enjoyment out of it† (686). There was a study done by Stanford headed by Thomas Robinson and the objective of the study was to lower the use of media for third and fourth graders and study the results. The study lasted for six months and the children had in-class instruction. Cutler clarifies, â€Å"†¦kids used media about 30 percent less than usual. And, they found, verbal and physical aggression levels subsequently dropped 25 percent on average† (688). This all supports the fact that if aggressive kids who minimized the amount of exposure to media, their manners and conduct would progress. According to Garbarino in Maggie Cutler’s essay, he explains how he would like the topic of media violence to be studied publicly as a health problem (686). Media violence is such an important topic in childrens’ lives that it cannot be ignored. The American Psychological Association’s Commission on Violence and Youth (APA) calculated that kids who are pressured into violence due to the media, can be assisted with what they explain to be early intervention. Once interventionists are aware of the problem, they can instruct children how to come up with a solution to any disagreement calmly and maturely (687). The author, Maggie Cutler, expressed how much of a complex issue and topic media violence was. Cutler asked many questions regarding childrens’ personal life and family issues which make a good point of why she doubts some of the reasons behind the results of studies. Cutler asks: â€Å"Do temperamentally violent kids seek out shows that express feelings they already have, or are they in it for the adrenaline boost? Do the sort of parents who let kids pig out on gore tend to do more than their share of other hurtful things that encourage violent behavior? † (686). But, referring back to the study of the third and fourth graders, this study gave individuals the reason to not doubt studies and persist the attention on kids who are affected by media violence in order to further answer any questions or doubts. Cutler explains how much children are influenced by aggressive media and they become more vulnerable to expressing their anger. The media contains so much content that children occasionally confuse it with reality and fantasy. That is why it is very critical that parents sit down with their kids and explain the meaning of some shows so that later the child would not act out what he/she had seen on the television. There have been plenty of studies that have proven to help children with aggressiveness in their life due to media violence. Studies have also proven that children can get salvaged from their anger and are taught how to resolve conflicts in a calmer manner. Media violence is a very crucial topic and it cannot be ignored like many citizens have done already. Now is the time to help children and families who are struggling with the after effects of media violence.

Refle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Refle - Essay Example My future career plans My future career plan involves opening and running a finance company in Qatar. The company will deal in brokerage of financial securities in the entire country. The business scope will involve the purchase and sale of listed public companies’ securities as well as securities for credit facilities. The business activities will include service delivery to investors through their brokers and offering advice on trends in security prices for clients’ informed investments decisions. The finance company will also offer credit services to people to facilitate entry into, and growth in the financial market industry and the services will be charged independently. My future study plans My future study plans include completing a Masters program in accounting and I plan to do this in the United States. My plan for further academic potential is a factor of the competition in the job market and my career objectives of establishing a private enterprise. With the current competitive environment in which graduates enter the market at a higher rate than the rate of job creation, employers are increasing their recruitment standards for entry positions and for career development within organizations. A Masters degree will therefore facilitate my competitiveness in the job market for successful mobility and promotions within organizations. The future study plan will also be significant to my objective of establishing my enterprise because gained knowledge and skills will be fundamental to the enterprise’s operations and management. Steps that I have taken to facilitate future goals Achieving my future goals requires personal initiatives and I have taken diversified steps to ensure that I qualify for the Masters program and that I gain the capacity to establish a brokerage financial company. Hard work in my academic ventures has been one of the steps towards my academic plans as well as the entrepreneurial venture. My desire to develop a ca reer in accountancy has led to diligence in studies from elementary level. By high school, I was determined to excel, qualify for an accounting course at undergraduate level, and then proceed for a Masters program. I have similarly worked hard in college and I am confident of surpassing the minimum grade for the Masters program in accounting. Some of the particular initiatives that I have undertaken to boost my final college grade are private research into the course concept, consultations with lectures, and group discussions. I have also consolidated funds for the program. I have similarly made efforts to facilitate my future entrepreneurial initiatives through conducting research into the financial industry in Qatar. I have determined the legal environment and understood the required formalities for establishing the type of venture. I have similarly explored the market and its competitive forces and established high probability of success. My initiatives into the venture have also evaluated required resources for the

Claims for Damages Arising from the Tort of Negligence Essay

Claims for Damages Arising from the Tort of Negligence - Essay Example The paper tells that in law, any person who has suffered loss or injury has a likelihood of receiving compensation from making a claim of that loss or injury if it can be proved that the loss or injury suffered was partly or wholly as a result of negligent omissions or commissions of certain acts (s) of another party or person. The compensation is aimed at not necessarily making up fully for what had happened to the person but rather to enable the injured party move on with his/her life with less difficulty. If appropriate, claims should be made for damages that arise from a given situation. In the UK, there is legislative provision governing personal injury and loss as well as damages for personal Injury and non-pecuniary loss. Consultation Paper No 140. Damages, in law, are defined as an award often in form of monetary consideration paid to a person who has suffers injury or loss as compensation. Compensation is crucial in most cases since the loss or injury suffered has possibly c hanged the ability of a person to undertake normal duties or activities hence limiting the ability of that person to meet his or her needs. For instance, compensation is vital in an event that a person has suffered a disability. Also, compensation can make a significant difference to life of person(s) who has lost a relative in an accident by providing financial support to the person(s). Besides, compensation is in some cases necessary to fund medical care for an injury or illness that is ongoing and was caused by the accident in question. Moreover, compensation or damages is essential in making up for earnings that may have been earned due to an accident caused by another person due to negligence hence denying the person who has suffered the loss ability to earn money to pay his or her bills.4 In order to appropriately advise Cheryl, Lizzie, David and Bellisima Company on whether they have claim/claims for damages arising out of the scenario, and against whom they would make such claims, it is important to understand some aspects of damages that relate to their scenario. First, in their scenario, in an event that their claims become successful they will be entitled to compensatory damages, that is, they will be paid to compensate them for financial loss and injury suffered from the accident. There are two major types of damages namely general damages and special damages.5 General damages are those that aim at compensating the claimant(s) for the specific injury suffered which is of non- monetary nature. These damages are only awarded in claims that have been made by person(s) who have suffered personal injury; for instance, on personal injury caused by negligence of another party.6 Example of general damages include disfigurement, impairment of physical or mental capacity, physical or emotional suffering and pain, loss of enjoyment of life, and loss of companionship among others.7 It is imperative to point out that quantifying these damages may prove difficult and judges mostly base awards on amount placed on similar cases previously. Therefore, how do the courts quantify personal injury claims? As has been noted, such quantification is not easy and most judges rely on similar previous cases to award. In the UK, solicitors in most cases refer personal injury as general damages for suffering and pain. Just like most judges, they quantify personal injury claims based on previous awards on similar cases made by the courts.8 The following factors guide quantification of personal injury claims: one, the extent and nature of the injuries suffered; consideration will be made on similarities of the injuries of the case in hand and cases that are similar and had been decided by courts previously.9 Normally, the extent of the injury usually corresponds to the damages awarded; that is, greater injuries will result to greater awards. Since quantifications are based on precedence, decisions of higher courts are always binding to the lower

Acquiring Skills in a New Language Essay -- Communication, Writing Ski

Introduction A fundamental aspect of acquiring skills in a new language is the ability to communicate messages in writing. For a teacher of English as a second language, nurturing students to develop sound writing skills is crucial to the success of the student both as a learner of the language, and their skills communication skills in reading, speaking and even listening in English. The natural ability of native speakers to communicate in a given language does not automatically indicate proficiency in their writing skills, which must be acquired. The psycholinguist Eric Lenneberg noted that writing is a culturally specific and learned behaviour (Brown, H.D, p334). Consequently, writing skills are important to developing a student’s appreciation of Western culture and a student who does not acquire sound writing skills is deprived of many benefits of reading and communicating with the Western world. This essay will explore the key principles for developing writing skills for non-English speakers, and how these principles can be applied by a teacher of English writing skills in a classroom context. The essay will explore relevant literature and research in this area. Key Principles for Developing Writing Skills The ability to write and express oneself in a second language with accuracy and coherence is a complicated skill. As stated by Celce-Murcia, as many native speakers of English never master this skill (Celce-Murcia, M, p187). Mastery of English Fundamentals That good writing skills take time to develop is understandable since good written expression draws on many other aspects of one’s English abilities – including a good grasp of English grammar, accurate spelling, extensive vocabulary, unders... ... ability to read widely improves a learner`s writing skills. In designing classroom activities, a teacher could apply pedagogical practices that exercise a range of these skills. Joy Reid suggests the use of cooperative and group work that offer writers authentic audiences, the integration of language skills in class activities, and the use of relevant, authentic materials and tasks (Carter, R and Nunna D, (Eds), p32). Conclusion As Prabhu states, there is no best method to teaching English writing (Prabhu, N.S, p175) and a successful teacher is likely to use a combination of all these methodologies. In a classroom context, the best methods focus on the process of writing, the use of free expression in the framework of learned conventions and controlled expressions, and the teaching of culture simultaneous with the teaching of language skills and writing.